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CE 6451-FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY II/III MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
3 V.P.KRISHNAMURTHY – AP/MECH 2015 - 16
CE6451 FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY L T P C
3 0 0 3
OBJECTIVES: The applications of the conservation laws to flow through pipes and hydraulic machines are
studied
To understand the importance of dimensional analysis. To understand the importance of various types of flow in pumps and turbines.
UNIT I FLUID PROPERTIES AND FLOW CHARACTERISTICS 8
Units and dimensions- Properties of fluids- mass density, specific weight, specific volume, specific
gravity, viscosity, compressibility, vapor pressure, surface tension and capillarity. Flow characteristics – concept of control volume - application of continuity equation, energy equation and momentum
equation. UNIT II FLOW THROUGH CIRCULAR CONDUITS 8
Hydraulic and energy gradient - Laminar flow through circular conduits and circular annuli-Boundary
layer concepts – types of boundary layer thickness – Darcy Weisbach equation –friction factor- Moody
diagram- commercial pipes- minor losses – Flow through pipes in series and parallel. UNIT III DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS 9
Need for dimensional analysis – methods of dimensional analysis – Similitude –types of similitude - Dimensionless parameters- application of dimensionless parameters – Model analysis.
UNIT IV PUMPS 10
Impact of jets - Euler‟s equation - Theory of roto-dynamic machines – various efficiencies– velocity
components at entry and exit of the rotor- velocity triangles - Centrifugal pumps– working principle - work done by the impeller - performance curves - Reciprocating pump- working principle – Rotary
pumps –classification.
UNIT V TURBINES 10
Classification of turbines – heads and efficiencies – velocity triangles. Axial, radial and mixed flow
turbines. Pelton wheel, Francis turbine and Kaplan turbines- working principles - work done by water
on the runner – draft tube. Specific speed - unit quantities – performance curves for turbines –
governing of turbines.
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
OUTCOMES: Upon completion of this course, the students can able to apply
mathematical knowledge to predict the properties and characteristics
of a fluid. Can critically analyse the performance of pumps and turbines.
TEXT BOOK:
1. Modi P.N. and Seth, S.M. "Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics", Standard
Book House, New Delhi2004.
REFERENCES:
1. Streeter, V. L. and Wylie E. B., "Fluid Mechanics", McGraw Hill
Publishing Co. 2010
2. Kumar K. L., "Engineering Fluid Mechanics", Eurasia Publishing
House(p) Ltd., New Delhi2004
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4 V.P.KRISHNAMURTHY – AP/MECH 2015 - 16
CONTENTS
S.NO TOPIC PAGE NO
UNIT-I FLUID PROPERTIES AND FLOW
CHARACTERISTICS
1.1 Units And Dimensions. 6
1.1.1 System Of Units 8
1.2 Fluid Properties 8
1.3 Viscosity 9
1.4 Vapour Pressure 9
1.4.1 Cavitation 9
1.5 Compressibility 10
1.6 Surface Tension 10
1.7 Capillarity 10
1.8 Concept Of Control Volume 12
1.8.1 Continuity Equation 12
1.8.2 Euler's Equation Of Motion 13
1.8.3 Bernoulli Equation 13
1.9 Momentum Equation 15
Review Questions 16
UNIT -II FLOW THROUGH CIRCULAR CONDUITS 18
2.1 Hydraulic Gradient And Total Energy Line 18
2.2 Boundary Layer 18
2.2.1 Flow Of Viscous Fluid Through Circular Pipe 19
2.2.2 Development Of Laminar And Turbulent Flows In Circular
Pipes
19
2.2.3 Boundary Layer Growth Over A Flat Plate 19
2.3 Flow Through Circular Pipes-Hagen Poiseuille’s Equation 19
2.4 Darcy’s Equation For Loss Of Head Due To Friction In Pipe 20
2.5 Moody’s Diagram 20
2.6 Classification Of Boundary Layer Thickness 21
2.7 Boundary Layer Separation 21
2.8 Lossess In Pipes 21
2.8.1 Major Losses In Pipe Flow 22
2.9 Flow Though Pipes In Series And Parallel 22
Review Questions 23
UNIT-III DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
3.1 Methods Of Dimensional Analysis 26
3.1.1 Rayleigh’s Method 26
3.1.2 Buckingham’s Π Theorem. 26
3.2 Smilitude –Types Of Similarities 28
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