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Abstract Concrete is the most widely used composite
construction material in any construction. Fine
aggregate and cement plays an important role for
imparting better properties to concrete in its
hardened state. By manufacturing of cement, a lot of
carbon dioxide and other chemicals are released and
with every one ton of cement manufacture, it releases
half ton of co2. So using Sugarcane bagasse ash as a
partial replacement of cement can maintain
environmental condition and improving properties of
concrete.
On the other hand, due to the continuous mining of
sand from river bed leads to depletion of ground
water and it causes a lot of environmental issues, so
to reduce this problem alternatively i am using M- sand as a partial replacement for fine aggregate
The paper presents an experimental investigation on
the properties of concrete and enhances the strength
and quality of concrete. In this project, first i am
partially replacing the cement with SCBA in different
percentages they are 5%, 10%, 15%. By comparing
the results, the percentages where the optimum
strength was obtained will be taken as a common
percentages and i will partially reinstate the sand
with M-sand in different percentages are 5%, 10%,
15% & 20%.
The concrete was tested for slump test in fresh
concrete and also properties of concrete in harden
state i.e, compressive strength, flexural strength, split
tensile strength are studied. The mix design was
carried out for M40 grade of concrete.
1. INTRODUCTION
The most frequently utilized construction material on
the planet is concrete. It's a composite building
material comprised mostly of aggregate, cement, and
water. The term concrete derives from the Latin word
"concretes," which means "compact or condensed,"
and is the perfect passive participle of "concrescere,"
which comes from the words "con" (together) and
"crescere" (to compress) (to grow). A chemical
process known as hydration causes concrete to
solidify and harden after it has been mixed with water
and placed. The water interacts with the cement,
forming a strong stone-like substance that binds the
other components together. Concrete comes in a
variety of formulas with different qualities, and it is
the most widely used man-made substance on the
planet.
Bagasse is a by-product of the sugar industry that is
burned to produce electricity for various
manufacturing activities. Bagasse ash, which has
pozzolanic properties and might be utilized as a
cement replacement material, is produced when
bagasse is burned. Sugarcane production in the globe
is estimated to reach more than 1500 million tones.
Because bagasse makes up approximately 30% of
sugarcane, the sugar recovered is about 10%, and the
bagasse leaves around 8% bagasse ash as a waste
(this figure varies depending on the grade and type of
boiler; contemporary boilers release less bagasse
ash), the disposal of bagasse ash will be a major
problem.
Sugarcane bagasse ash has lately been studied for use
as a cement substitute in several regions of the world.
In particular replacement percentages and fineness,
bagasse ash was shown to improve various qualities
of the paste, mortar, and concrete, including
STUDY ON STRENGTH OF M40 GRADE CONCRETE
USING SUGARCANE BAGASSE ASH AND M-SAND
GANGABATHULA SUNEETHA1 Dr.Ch. BHAVANNARAYANA2
1
PG Scholar , Department of civil engineering, KAKINADA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY-II, Yanam Road, Matlapalem, TalarevuMandal, Korangi, Andhra Pradesh-533461
2
Professor, Department of civil engineering, KAKINADA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY- II, Yanam Road, Matlapalem, TalarevuMandal, Korangi, Andhra Pradesh-533461
The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis
Volume XIV, Issue VI, June/2022
ISSN NO: 0886-9367
Page No : 382
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compressive strength and water tightness. It was
claimed that the greater silica concentration in
bagasse ash was the key reason for the benefits.
Although the silicate content of the ash varies
depending on the burning conditions and other
properties of the raw materials, such as the soil on
which the sugarcane is grown, it has been reported
that the silicate undergoes a pozzolanic reaction with
the cement's hydration products, resulting in a
reduction of free lime in the concrete.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
B. Vijaya etal. (2013):
The behaviour of concrete was observed for several
grades ranging from M25 to M60. According to their
research, the normal mix with 100 percent
manufactured sand has a maximum strength of 53
MPa, whereas the mix with natural sand has a
maximum strength of 49 MPa. They also discovered
that produced sand has superior physical qualities and
better particle packing, which leads in a greater
binding effect and higher strength.
Pallavi S.Kumbhare (2019):
She stated that they had chemically and physically
described "partial replacement of cement in concrete
with sugarcane bagasse ash" and partial replaced in
the ratios of 10%, 20%, and 30% by weight of
cement in concrete. The SCBA concrete had much
better compressive strength than the concrete without
SCBA, according to the findings. It was discovered
that SCBA could be used to substitute cement up to
25% of the time. In a concrete mix, replacing cement
with sand increases the strength while lowering the
cost.
3. MATERIALS USED AND MIX
DESIGN
OPC 53 Grade cement
In the sequence of cement processes, the Ordinary
Portland Cement (OPC) 53 grade is employed. The
concrete specimens' binding substance is cement.
Because it is a basic element of concrete, mortar,
stucco, and most non-specialty grout, Portland
Cement (also known as OPC) is the most prevalent
form of cement in general usage across the world.
Limestone is the source of this substance.
Fig 1: OPC 53 Grade cement
Fine aggregates
Natural sand, crushed stone sand, or crushed gravel
stone dust make up fine aggregate. It should be hard,
durable, chemically inert, clean, and free of organic
matter, with no visible clay balls or pellets, as well as
other detrimental contaminants such as alkaline, salt,
mica, dead vegetation, lumps, and so on. The fine
aggregate grade is listed below.
Fig 2: Fine aggregates
M- Sand
Manufactured sand (m-sand) is a concrete building
material that may be used instead of river sand.
Crushed hard granite stone is used to make
manufactured sand. Only VSI crusher/Rotopactor
produced sand is cubical and angular in form. Other
types of machinery produce flaky sand, which is
difficult to deal with. Jaw crushers are commonly
used to reduce stones to metal or aggregates. Jaw
sand that has been manufactured All sand particles
The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis
Volume XIV, Issue VI, June/2022
ISSN NO: 0886-9367
Page No : 383
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should have a higher crusher, since cone and roll
crushers frequently have a larger percentage of dust
and flaky particles.
Fig 3: M Sand
Coarse aggregates
Throughout the experiment, crushed coarse material
with a size range of 10 to 20 mm was obtained from
local crusher facilities. In compliance with IS:2386-
1963 and IS:383-1970, the aggregate was evaluated
for physical parameters such as gradation, fine
modulus, specific gravity, water absorption, and bulk
density.
The coarse aggregate comes from a closer zone. The
collected material is sieved via a 20 mm sieve before
being kept on a 10 mm sieve. The characteristics of
newly mixed concrete are influenced by particle form
and surface roughness more than the qualities of
cured concrete. Smooth, rounded compact aggregate
requires more water to generate workable concrete
than rough textured, angular, and elongated particles.
Fig 4: Coarse aggregates
Sugarcane Bagasse Ash
SCBA is a sugar agro-industry by-product that is
widely available in various parts of the world and
possesses cementitious qualities, indicating that it
may be used in conjunction with cement. It is
somewhat utilized as a source of energy. However,
bagasse ash (SCBA) is classified as garbage, posing a
disposal issue. Furthermore, the SCBA can be reused
if sugarcane bagasse is burnt under regulated
conditions.
Fig 5: Sugarcane Bagasse Ash
Water
Water is an important component in the production of
concrete. The quality of the water used in concrete
should be considered. "If you can drink it, you can
create concrete with it," says an old adage about
water quality. Municipal water sources are used to
make a considerable volume of concrete. Good
quality concrete, on the other hand, may be
manufactured with water that does not meet regular
drinking water requirements.
Super plasticizer
Naphthalene based super plasticizer commonly used
in daily engineering construction was selected and
the effects of the super plasticizers on the setting
time, compressive strength, workability. It was the
first to extract naphthalene from coal tar in 1819.
When soft coal is burned in an insufficient quantity
of air, coal tar forms, which is a brown to black thick
liquid. It is made up of a complex hydrocarbon
mixture. It is extracted by heating the raw material to
a temperature of 200c to 25oc, resulting in middle oil
is distilled to separate its many components one of
which is naphthalene.
Fig 6: Naphthalene
The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis
Volume XIV, Issue VI, June/2022
ISSN NO: 0886-9367
Page No : 384
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Mix design
Mix design can be defined as the process of selecting
suitable ingredients of concrete and determining with
the object of producing of certain minimum strength
and durability as economically as possible. Mix
design for M40 grade concrete has been done with
trail method by making the use of specification and
guideline given by EFNARC and IS:10262-2009.
Table 1: Mix ratios of SCBA
From the test results, the maximum strengths
obtained at 10%. Now it is considered as standard
value and partially replace the normal sand with M- sand.
Table 2: Mix ratios of SCBA and M-sand
Table 3: Mix proportion for conventional concrete
and replaced M40 grade
Tests to be conducted on concrete
The following are the 3 tests which are carried
out on the concrete after curing process for the
respected 7days, 14days and 28 days curing
period which are
1. Compressive strength
2. Split tensile strength
3. Flexural strength
4. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
Compressive strength
7days
Graph 1: Comparison of 7days compressive strength
14days
Graph 2: Comparison of 14days compressive
strength
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ISSN NO: 0886-9367
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28days
Graph 3: Comparison of 28days compressive
strength
Split tensile strength
7days
Graph 4: Comparison of 7days tensile strength
14days
Graph5: Comparison of 14days tensile strength
28days
Graph6: Comparison of 28days tensile strength
Flexural strength
7days
Graph 7: Comparison of 7days flexural strength
14days
Graph 8: Comparison of 14days flexural strength
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ISSN NO: 0886-9367
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28days
Graph 9: Comparison of 28days flexural strength
5. CONCLUSIONS
1. There is a significant potential for the growth of
recycled waste as an appropriate and green
solution for sustainable development in
construction industry.
2. From the results of the test Sugarcane Bagasse
ash concrete performed better when compared to
ordinary cement up to 10% replacement of
SCBA. The increase of strength is mainly due to
presence of high amount of silica.
3. The usage of SCBA on concrete is not only for
waste minimizing technique, also it saves the
amount of cement.
4. By replacing sand with M-Sand on the 10%
sugarcane bagasse ash in concrete, the hardened
concrete strength value increased at 15%.
5. By increasing the M-Sand ratio more than
15% in the SCBA, the h a r d e n e d c o n c r e t e
strength values decrease gradually.
6. So the safe amount of M-Sand that can be
replaced on the SCBA concrete is about 0 to
15%.
7. From this experimental study, by comparing
the conventional concrete with replaced SCBA
and M-Sand in concrete, the hardened concrete
strengths increased. Such as compressive
strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength.
8. A safe percentage for the replacement of
sugarcane bagasse ash in place of cement in
M40 grade concrete is upto 10%.
9. A safe percentage for the replacement of M- sand in place of sand in M40 grade concrete is
upto 15%
REFERENCES
[1]. S.Sundaraman, S.Azhagavsamy (2013)
Experimental study on partial replacement of
cement by SCBA and M-Sand in concrete:
International journal of advanced technology in
civil engineering, ISS IN: 2231-5721,volume-2
issue-2
[2]. M.Bhuvaneshwari, S.Tamilavasan (2016)
Experimental studies on mechanical behaviour
of concrete: International journal of earth science
andengineering ISSN 0974-5904 vol.09 NO.03.
[3]. Amara RD, Shaivakumar gunte Study on
concrete by replacing cement by SCBA using
100% M-Sand as a fine aggregate, International
research journal of engineering & IRJET.
[4]. U.R.Kawade etal, Effect of use of bagasse ash
on strength of concrete, International journal of
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technology.
[5]. Pallavi S.kumbhare, Shifa Tanwar Partial
replacement of cement in concrete with
sugarcane bagasse ash, International journal of.
innovations in engineering and science.
[6]. M.Adams Joe etal, Experiment investigation on
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[7].P.Daisy Angelin etal, Durability studies on
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ISSN NO: 0886-9367
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